Finding Treatment Options in Utah

Utah is home to 2,942,902 people from differing cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds¹ Like in every state, people in Utah suffer from both substance abuse and mental health issues. Addiction plagues approximately 22.7 million people in the United States.² In 2013, only a mere 2.5 million of those individuals got any kind of help for their substance abuse issues.³

Utah’s Drug and Alcohol Abuse Climate

The drug abuse climate across the state of Utah is actually somewhat better than national substance abuse rates. In the state, 6.24 percent of residents reported past-month use of an illicit drug while 8.02 percent of the rest of the country did.⁴ That being said, drug-related overdose deaths are still more common in Utah than across the nation. In the year 2007 alone, 546 lives were lost in Utah due directly to drug abuse.⁵

The most popularly abused class of drugs in Utah is stimulants, such as Adderall and methamphetamine.⁶ Nationwide, abuse of prescription stimulants led to around 23,000 treatment cases in American emergency departments in 2013.⁷ Some 35.6 percent of people who were admitted for treatment in Utah during 2013 cited alcohol as their primary substance of abuse.⁸ Just beneath at 22 percent, opioids come in at second place, methamphetamines in third at 19.9 percent, and marijuana in fourth place at 16.2 percent.⁹

Issues of Mental Wellness

Around 82,000 adults and 34,000 children have severe forms of mental illness in the state of Utah.¹⁰ Nationally, 42.5 million people have a mental health disorder.¹¹ Half of all people with severe mental illness are engaging in substance abuse.¹² The range of disorders is wide and includes everything from the mild and easily treated to complex cases of comorbidity.

Diagnoses of mental illnesses across the state among adults in 2013 are broken down as follows:

• Anxiety: 24.3 percent
• Mood disorders: 17.4 percent
• Depression:12.2 percent
• Substance abuse: 11.5 percent
• Personality disorders: 8.7 percent
• Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: 7.6 percent
• Attention deficit disorder: 4 percent
• Cognitive disorder: 2.7 percent
• Adjustment disorder: 1.5 percent
• Neglect or abuse: 1.2 percent
• Pervasive developmental disorders: 1 percent
• Impulse control disorders: 1 percent
• Oppositional defiant disorder: 0.2 percent
• Conduct disorder: 0.1 percent
• Other: 2.1 percent

Drugs and alcohol complicate more than just co-occurring mental health issues; they can wreak serious havoc on the individual’s life. Some of the most common side effects of drug abuse include cardiac arrest, respiratory distress, and hallucinations. The most traumatic outcome is death, of course. Drug-related overdose deaths reached 44,000 in America in 2013 — around 13.8 per 100,000 people — and the drug related overdose death rate in Utah the following year reached 23.1 per 100,000 people. ^13,14,15

Prescription drugs of are particular threat to the Beehive State, with 323 overdoses being related to these drugs in 2012.¹⁶ The popularity of these drugs has led many Utahans to abuse the more illicit opioid, heroin. The drug claimed 104 lives in 2012.¹⁷

Suicide Rates with Drug Abusers

Utah lost 362 residents to suicide in 2006, which is a low number when considering the national tally of 33,000 that year.^18,19 That being said, that number has been on the rise, and it is likely due to a resurgence of abuse of stimulant drugs making their way across Mexican borders.
Between 2011 and 2013, Utah’s suicide rate was 20.6 per 100,000 people, much greater than the 12.5 per 100,000 person rate the US had over the same timespan.²⁰ Mental illness often contributes to self-inflicted deaths and intentional overdoses, as well. However, many overdoses are deemed accidental.

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First Substance Abuse, Then Drug Crime

What starts out as experimenting at a party or using occasionally can quickly turn into a life-changing behavior that sparks a slew of legal ramifications. These issues apply to all kinds of people, even the 2.3 million who were are behind bars in American jails and prisons in 2010.²¹ Serious mental health disorders affect around 20 percent of all prison inmates.²² Substance abuse impacts an even larger figure at 30-60 percent.²³

Drug crimes carry a wide range of penalties in Utah, including but not limited to six months in jail for the possession of even fewer than an ounce of marijuana.²⁴  Possession of cocaine is considered a third-degree felony in the state of Utah, while the sale of it is a second-degree felony and bears the punishment of a maximum 15-year prison sentence and $10,000 fine.²⁵

The punishment for getting behind the wheel after consuming alcohol is hefty in Utah. In 2012 alone, 13,031 arrests were made for driving under the influence in the state.²⁶ Thus, many people found out the hard way just how tough the penalty can be. A first offense may lighten the sentence, but you’ll spend at least two full days in jail and pay a minimum of $700 in fines, and that’s before the court revokes your license for six months.²⁷ The second time around, you’ll be in a jail cell for 10 days or longer with an $800 bill from the local or state government.²⁸ After that, another DUI will bring with it two months or more behind bars, a fine of $1,500 and up, and you’ll lose your license for two years.²⁹

While you might think you wouldn’t make the same mistake more than once, many people do. Around a third of all people who are guilty of driving while under the influence of alcohol have done it before.³⁰

Many people are unaware of how connected Utah residents who abuse drugs are to the international drug trade. This becomes more apparent every year. The number of drug seizures continues to increase, and those substances being seized are traced back to Mexican borders time and time again. A seizure that took place in August 2014 turned up 31 pounds of heroin in Salt Lake City.³¹ In September 2015, a drug bust in Midvale resulted in a combined confiscation of $800,000 worth of heroin and meth, as well as five live grenades that could have otherwise caused serious harm.³²

Around 95 percent of all methamphetamine in the United States has been smuggled into the country from international cartels, mostly from Mexico.³³ Utah has taken action in the last couple decades to reform drug-prescribing practices and keep a tighter grip on the medical industry in effort to limit over-prescribing of these drugs. The Utah Controlled Substance Database Program went into effect in 1996 and has since monitored all Schedule II, III, IV, and V drugs in the state. During the 2008-2009 review year, almost 5 million records were attained on prescriptions within the state.³⁴

Rehab in Utah

There are 225 drug and alcohol and mental health treatment facilities in the state of Utah.³⁵ Of them, 171 offer outpatient care, and 63 cater to individuals who prefer residential treatment options.³⁶

Outpatient treatment is more suitable for certain people who must maintain certain life responsibilities while in treatment. The ability to attend support group meetings and therapy during specific daytime hours or evening hours, so people can remain employed or at home with children, is an important necessity that the drug treatment field offers. Likewise, some people need more intensive treatment that simply cannot be managed in just a few hours a day, and so residential care is most suitable for them. Those who are in even more serious situations that warrant hospitalized inpatient care have 16 facilities to choose from.³⁷ Those individuals who feel like they are having a hard time coping with life outside of rehab and need a buffer period with extra protection before returning home can take advantage of sober companions and sober living facilities — of which there are 134 in Utah alone.³⁸

In 2013, 90,956 adults and 12,106 youths were in need of substance abuse treatment in Utah.³⁹ Only 16 percent of them got that treatment.⁴⁰ Treatment admissions citing heroin abuse have significantly risen in the state over the last couple decades. In 1993, just 346 people were admitted to Utah treatment centers noting heroin as a substance of abuse.⁴¹ In 2013, there were 2,606, which accounted for around 15 percent of all admissions to addiction treatment units in the state that year.⁴²

Treatment facilities must follow strict regulations to remain in operation without penalty. Individuals who are working at rehab centers have undergone thorough screening to ensure their credentials are valid and up to par with what the state deems necessary to render specific forms of treatment. You cannot work as a licensed addictions counselor in the state of Utah without first completing required coursework from an accredited college or university in addition to 4,000 hours of supervised clinical work in the field and passing all required examinations.⁴³

Utah stands at the center of cutting-edge research regarding addiction recovery.That is due, in part, to the hard work done by a team of researchers at the University of Utah. The Utah Addiction Center at the University of Utah is dedicated to the prevention and treatment of addiction, according to the school’s website. That means the teams there conduct a great deal of addiction research, and they teach classes on addiction recovery.

Since Utah has access to such a wealth of addiction knowledge, it is not surprising that there are a number of treatment facilities in the area. Setting up shop here could mean providing people with cutting-edge addiction solutions they may not be able to get anywhere else. These are the top 25 treatment options available.

1. Utah Addiction Centers: There are two forms of treatment available at this addiction treatment facility. One form, outpatient care, allows people to live at home while they heal. These people can head to the treatment center in Eagle Mountain for appointment-based care. The other form, inpatient care, allows people to move into a lodge for around-the-clock care from qualified addiction staff. This two-stage format allows this organization to provide care for almost anyone with an addiction. The team works hard to keep pricing competitive. The founders boast that this group provides one of the most affordable treatment solutions in the state of Utah. Major insurance plan payments are accepted. Aftercare, including group sessions, is provided to alumni for life at no extra charge. To find out more and to enroll, call (801) 766-2233.
2. Alpine Recovery Lodge: This comprehensive addiction center provides care for both alcohol and drug addiction on an inpatient basis. People who enroll move into a gorgeous facility that is tucked into the hills of Alpine in Utah. During their stay, these residents have access to around-the-clock care for addictions, and they are surrounded by people who are also working hard to overcome the difficulties addiction can cause. It is a healing and therapeutic environment, and it is augmented with exercise opportunities and nature opportunities. People who move into this facility have an experience they may never forget. Treatment is individualized, based on the background of the person who needs care. There are programs available for people who have mental illnesses in addition to addiction. Major insurance program payments are accepted. There are deferred payment options for people in need. To find out more, call (888) 579-8569.
3. Cold Creek Behavioral Health: This is one of the largest addiction treatment providers in Utah, and the founders have developed a program that is appropriate for almost anyone who needs care. There are inpatient programs, for those who need around-the-clock care. There are day treatment and intensive outpatient treatment programs for those who have secure home environments. There are aftercare programs for those who need a little help with a new sober lifestyle. Therapies offered include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, equine therapy, experiential therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and breath work. This organization offers a non-12-Step approach. Payments from major insurance programs are accepted. To find out more, call (877) 765-8244.
4. Odyssey House: This organization has been in the business of providing addiction care in Utah since 1971. The group strives to provide care for everyone who needs help, regardless of age and background. As a result, the group has developed a whole suite of options people can use in order to customize care. There are inpatient programs, a variety of different outpatient programs, and several aftercare options. There are tailored programs for both adults and children. And there are several counseling options for people struggling with a number of different mental health concerns. Individual counseling, group counseling, family counseling, and medical assistance are all available. Payments from insurance programs are accepted. To find out more, call (801) 322-3222.
5. Cirque Lodge: Addictions are often solidified with habits, and those habits can be hard to break when people continue to live at home. This organization hopes to break those patterns with residential care. Most addiction treatment plans offered here begin with a 30-day stay in a residential program. People participate in individual and group therapies, augmented with experiential therapies and exercise therapies. After this part of the program is complete, people move into a more residential setting for an extended period of time. Those residential stays are enhanced with teaching from the 12-Step movement. The treatment facilities are gorgeous and serene, so they make a perfect setting for healing. Payments from major insurance providers are accepted. To find out more, call (877) 997-3422.
6. Ascend Recovery: Some people feel overwhelmed by large addiction treatment centers. These people might benefit from Ascend Recovery. This organization is small, and it strives to provide individualized addiction care with a personal touch. The treatment program moves in three phases. The first phase involves residential care in a gorgeous treatment center. In this immersion program, people learn more about how addictions develop and how they can be conquered. In the second phase, people move into a facility that still offers addiction support, but it also provides people with more freedom. This is a transitional step that allows people to learn how to live at home and remain successful in sobriety. In the third step, people move into a sober living home that provides even more freedom while retaining a sober environment. Insurance plan payments are accepted, and there are loan options available. To find out more, call (877) 527-2363.
7. Turning Point Center: This organization is devoted to fighting drug abuse whenever and wherever it is found. The group’s main focus is on dual-diagnosis issues. This occurs when a mental illness develops in tandem with an addiction, and it can complicate recovery. This organization provides specialized therapies that address both the addiction and the mental health issue at the same time. The group offers a non-12-Step approach that emphasizes clinical therapy. Treatments offered include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy. Everyone who enrolls spends one-on-one time with a clinical counselor, and there are weekly sessions in a group format too. Payments from major insurance programs are accepted. To find out more, call (888) 576-4325.
8. Renaissance Ranch: Addictions come with physical symptoms, but they can also cause spiritual distress. This organization offers a unique format that might help. People who enroll in this program are offered therapies with a religious tinge. They are encouraged to learn more about how a higher power or a healing presence could boost their healing, and they may spend a great deal of time in prayer. Men and women are segregated in this residential program, and in addition to prayer, they are offered clinical therapies that can help. Those therapies include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, family therapy, experiential therapy, group therapy, and more. Overall, people spend 20-30 hours each week in care. When the program is complete, it comes with a lifetime guarantee. Anyone who completes the program and relapses can come back to the facility for care at no charge. To find out more about insurance payments and pricing, call (855) 736-7262.
9. Pomarri: People with a strong family support system and a good sober network can thrive in outpatient addiction care. That form of care is provided at Pomarri. The team provides a number of outpatient therapies that can help, including medical detox, intensive outpatient, and traditional outpatient. The team can hold interventions for people who do not see the need for care, and the team can arrange for transportation for those who struggle to get to appointments. Medication management is available onsite, and there are recovery support services available that can help people to build a successful life in sobriety. Financing options are available. To find out more, call (801) 226-1227.
10. Journey Healing Centers: The founders of this organization believed that addictions are easier to combat when the treatment is provided in an environment that is safe, serene, and healing. This group offers two environments just like this. One offers a short-term healing environment with a very small and tight-knit healing community. The other offers long-term residential treatment for a larger group of people. Anyone who enrolls in this treatment organization has access to a team of talented professionals on the cutting edge of recovery medicine. The group aims to help people overcome addictions through a combination of evidence-based therapy, support group work, and holistic therapies. Payments from insurance programs are accepted, and intake specialists can talk with insurance companies directly. To find out more, call (844) 878-1979.
11. Steps Recovery Center: The name of this organization describes the care provided. People who enroll are asked to move through a series of steps on their journey to sobriety. In the first step, people go through a medical detox process, so they can gain sobriety. Next, people go through an assessment program and get customized treatment for addiction, including addictions complicated by mental illness. Finally, people tap into outpatient help and ongoing support, so they stay sober for a lifetime. Care is provided in an inpatient facility, and there are four locations in Utah to choose from. All offer recreational therapy in addition to talk therapy and medication management. Payments from insurance companies are accepted. To find out more, call (801) 465-5111.
12. Recovery Ways: There are many paths that lead to recovery. This organization aims to provide a large number of treatment options to people in need. There are inpatient programs that come with private bedrooms and bathrooms. There are outpatient programs, including intensive outpatient programs, for people who can live at home while they recover. And there are detox programs for those who need help to achieve initial sobriety. The organization uses a 12-Step format, and the clinical team that leads counseling sessions holds master’s degrees or doctoral degrees in mental health. This program is appropriate for people who have mental illnesses in addition to addiction. There are fun activities available, including sober recreational activities, that can help people understand how to enjoy life without the use of mind-altering substances. Insurance payments are accepted, and prices are reasonable. To find out more, call (888) 473-1104.
13. The Phoenix Recovery and Counseling Centers: Treatment with this organization begins with inpatient care. Here, people have an opportunity to move away from the chemical damage drugs and alcohol can cause, and they can achieve that first glimpse of what a sober life might be like. Then, people move into outpatient programs so they can build on that sobriety. There are three types of outpatient programs available, including a partial hospitalization program, an intensive outpatient program, and a general outpatient program. All come with a great deal of clinical counseling support. There is a family program and a friend program, so people can learn more about how to support someone in recovery. Everyone who completes the program has access to a lifetime of ongoing support through the alumni program. Payments from major insurance programs are accepted. To find out more, call (801) 571-6798.
14. Sherwood Hills Recovery Resort: Most people do not think of rehab as a vacation, but there are some treatment facilities that provide such gorgeous surroundings that it is hard to think of them in any other way. This is one such organization. It provides access to a mountaintop resort in Wellsville, with 702 acres of absolutely gorgeous scenery. People who enroll in this program utilize the beauty of nature as they heal, and they are encouraged to walk, hike, and meditate. People are also provided with clinical therapies that can help, including individual counseling and group counseling. Payments from insurance programs are accepted. Medicare payments are accepted too. To find out more, call (888) 625-9896.
15. Pathways: Addictions can take many forms. Some people develop addictions to substances, such as alcohol or drugs, and some people develop addictions to activities, such as gambling or gaming. All of those addictions can be treated through this Utah organization, and there are a number of different formats that can help. There are inpatient programs, outpatient programs, and ongoing care programs. Treatment is available for both adults and teens. The therapies provided are evidence-based and proven to work. People who enroll are given a year of monitoring, so the team can ensure that they stay on track. Most major insurance providers have contracts with Pathways, but the group does not accept Medicare or Medicaid clients. To find out more, call (801) 447-1775.
16. Highland Ridge Hospital: This 83-bed behavioral health center offers care for a number of mental health issues, including addiction. The group can provide care for almost any age group, including both adults and children. The center is located on 10 acres of lush and green space, so it provides a perfect environment for reflection and healing. There are inpatient programs for those who need intense supervision, and there are outpatient programs for those who have a steady source of support at home. Major insurance program payments are accepted. To find out more, call (801) 569-2153.
17. Willow Tree Recovery: The 100-year-old tree growing at the entrance to this residential treatment facility provided the group with its name. Trees like this are strong yet flexible, and that describes what people might be like when the treatment program is complete. Most people start the healing process here by moving into the Pleasant Grove residential treatment facility, and they stay until they have received enough personalized therapy to allow them to be somewhat stable in recovery. Then, the group utilizes outpatient therapies to build on that initial success and allow people to stay sober for a lifetime. Treatment rooms are comfortable and semi-private, and the cost of care is reasonable. Major insurance program payments are accepted. To find out more, call (801) 368-6833.
18. Lighthouse Recovery Center: This addiction treatment center is located right in the heart of Salt Lake City. Here, the team offers a number of valuable services for families touched by addiction, including addiction interventions, outpatient addiction care, and weekly support group meetings that follow a 12-Step format. There is also a program made just for families that need help in order to support the person in recovery who is living in their midst. Every program is individualized, based on the needs of the person with the addiction. To find out more about payment options and insurance, call (801) 631-7122.
19. Zion Recovery Center: This faith-based treatment program uses science-based treatments to help people recover, including behavioral counseling and group counseling, but the facility also relies on the healing power of the gospel. People who enroll are encouraged to make a formal and tight connection with a higher power, and prayer plays a big part in the group’s everyday activities. There are inpatient and outpatient programs available, and the results are guaranteed. People who complete both an inpatient and an outpatient program and then relapse can return to a network treatment facility for more care at no charge. Payments from insurance companies are accepted, and there are payment plans, scholarships, and funding options for people in need. To find out more, call (385) 207-2029.
20. De Novo: This Salt Lake City organization provides in-depth solutions to people living with an addiction. The team can handle both substance abuse issues and process issues, such as gambling and pornography. The team can also handle addictions that are complicated by mental illnesses, including anxiety and depression. There are group counseling and individual counseling sessions available, and the team uses a variety of different counseling techniques, including mindfulness, Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and functional analysis. All care is provided on an outpatient basis. Medication management is also available. Fees are affordable. To find out more, call (801) 263-1056.
21. Brighton Recovery Center: This is a large treatment facility in South Ogden that provides a number of different treatment options for people in need, including residential care and outpatient care. Every person that comes to this group for help goes through a comprehensive assessment process, so the team can understand how the issue developed and what might need to happen to make things better. Those with very serious cases of addiction and poor support at home are offered residential care, while others are provided with outpatient help. The team works hard to provide therapies that have their roots in science, and there are medical monitoring and medication management options available for people with difficult recovery paths. There are also aftercare planning services available, so people can make a smooth transition home when care is over. To find out about payments and insurance, call (844) 479-7035.
22. Allegiance Recovery Center: This addiction treatment facility utilizes a number of different treatment approaches to help people in need. There are individual counseling sessions, family counseling sessions, group therapy skill-building sessions, 12-Step group meetings, recreational therapy, meditation training, and yoga classes available. People who enroll are also offered recreational activities, including fishing and hiking. There are three locations in Utah to choose from, and there are some in neighboring states too. Insurance payments are accepted, and there are financing options available as well. To find out more, call (435) 790-4673.
23. True North Treatment: The founders of this organization believe that addiction recovery works best when it is personalized. People who enroll meet with a team of experts who perform tests to determine the severity of the addiction. Then, the team determines the best treatment plan for recovery. For some people, that might involve medical detox and medication management. For others, it might involve individual or group counseling. For others, it might involve something else altogether. All programs take place on an outpatient basis, and there are evening and weekend appointments available for working families. Insurance plan payments are accepted. To find out more, call (801) 691-0672.
24. Workout Addiction Recovery: This is a 90-day program that is designed to meet the needs of people who want to stay active in recovery. In addition to utilizing traditional recovery methods, the team here encourages patients to learn about strength training, conditioning, nutrition, and spirituality as they work to recover from an addiction. Instead of spending hours of time in group meetings and counseling sessions, people who enroll in this program spend time moving, working, and getting active. They spend time healing. After treatment, people can enroll in outpatient programs, or they can enroll in transitional living programs and get a little more support. The group also offers life coaching, so people can boost other areas of life, including employment and education. To find out more, call (801) 648-3705.
25. Resolutions Counseling Center: This private counseling center offers care for people who have addictions and the people who love people with addictions. Care is provided on an outpatient basis. Here, people can obtain therapies that can help them to avoid relapse, clear up misguided thinking patterns, handle stress, and develop good self-esteem. Positive health habits, including those involving nutrition, exercise, and wellness, are also covered. There are programs available for people with mental health disorders in addition to addiction. Insurance payments are accepted. To find out more about this treatment program, call (801) 298-5222.

As mentioned, Utah is home to a large number of addiction treatment facilities. In fact, there are hundreds of treatment options open to you within the state, and there are hundreds more in neighboring states. This list may help you get started on your addiction recovery research.

Citations

1. “State & County QuickFacts.” (2014). United State Census Bureau.Accessed September 11, 2015.
2. “Substance Use and Mental Health Estimates from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Overview on Findings.” (2014 Sep 4). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Accessed September 11, 2015.
3. Ibid.
4. “Utah Drug Control Update.” (n.d.). White House Accessed September 11, 2015.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Schwarz, A. (2015 Apr 18). “Workers Seeking Productivity in a Pill are Abusing A.D.H.D. Drugs.” New York Times. Accessed September 11, 2015.
8. “Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Annual Report.” (2013). Department of Human Services. Accessed September 11, 2015.
9. Ibid.
10. “State Statistics: Utah.” (2010). National Alliance on Mental Illness.Accessed September 11, 2015.
11. Bekiempis, V. (2014 Feb 28). “Nearly 1 in 5 Americans Suffers From Mental Illness Each Year.”Newsweek. Accessed September 11, 2015.
12. “Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Annual Report.” (2013). Department of Human Services. Accessed September 11, 2015.
13. Cortez, M. (2015 Jun 17). “Utah ranked 5^th highest in overdose deaths, 14^th in injury-related deaths.” KSL News. Accessed September 11, 2015.
14. “NCHS Data on Drug Poisoning Deaths.” (June 2015). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed September 11, 2015.
15. Dickerson, K. (2014 Dec 2). “Drug Overdose-Related Deaths Double from 1999 to 2012.” Live Science. Accessed September 12, 2015.
16. “Prescription Pain Medication Deaths in Utah, 2012.” (2012). Utah Department of Health. Accessed September 11, 2015.
17. McCombs, B. (2014 Apr 6). “Heroin use, deaths on the rise in Utah.” Herald Extra. Accessed September 11, 2015.
18. “State Statistics: Utah.” (2010). National Alliance on Mental Illness.Accessed September 11, 2015.
19. “Suicide in the U.S.A..” (2006). American Association of Suicidology.Accessed September 11, 2015.
20. Cortez, M. (2015 Jun 17). “Utah ranked 5^th highest in overdose deaths, 14^th in injury-related deaths.” KSL News. Accessed September 11, 2015.
21. Ingraham, C. (n.d.). “The U.S. has more jails than colleges. Here’s a map of where those prisoners live.” Washington Post. Accessed September 11, 2015.
22. Aufderheide, D. (2014 Apr 1). “Mental Illness in America’s Jails and Prisons: Toward a Public Safety/Public Health Model.” Health Affairs.Accessed September 11, 2015.
23. Ibid.
24. “Utah Laws & Penalties.” (n.d.). NORML. Accessed September 11, 2015.
25. “Utah Cocaine Laws.” (n.d.). FindLaw. Accessed September 11, 2015.
26. Utah Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice. (2012). “Tenth Annual DUI Report to the Utah Legislature.” Utah Substance Abuse Advisory Council. Accessed September 11, 2015.
27. Stim, R. (n.d.). “Utah DUI Laws, Fines and Penalties.” NOLO. Accessed September 11, 2015.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. “Statistics.” (n.d.). Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Accessed September 11, 2015.
31. “31 lbs. of heroin seized in Salt Lake Valley drug bust.” (2014 Aug 21). Good 4 Utah. Accessed September 11, 2015.
32. “$800,000 drug bust nets heroin, meth, live grenades in Midvale.” (2015 Sep 8). Fox 13 News. Accessed September 11, 2015.
33. “Experts say meth use still a serious problem in Utah.” (2011 May 30). Herald Media. Accessed September 11, 2015.
34. “Utah Drug Control Update.” (n.d.). White House Accessed September 11, 2015.
35. “Substance Abuse Treatment Facility Locator.” (n.d.). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Accessed September 11, 2015.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. “Sober Living Directory.” (n.d.). Intervention America. Accessed September 11, 2015.
39. “Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Annual Report.” (2013). Department of Human Services. Accessed September 11, 2015.
40. Ibid.
41. McCombs, B. (2014 Apr 6). “Heroin use, deaths on the rise in Utah.” Herald Extra. Accessed September 11, 2015.
42. Ibid.
43. “Utah Administrative Code.” (n.d.). Utah Department of Administrative Services. Accessed September 11, 2015.